The Biobío project and the Pangue dam was the first environmental question that created public debate in Chile after the fall of the dictatorship of Pinochet. The Biobío project has been object to much discussion and criticism both on an international and a national agenda. Indigenous organizations, governmental institutions, grass root organization, individuals, politicians and others have publicly questioned and denounced their rejection of the project. Facts from several independent sources have shown the needlessness of the project, but still the hydro development project has been "pushed through" and in this very moment 40% of the Ralco dam is completed. Thus, the intention of the bok is to illustrate the long term consequences of Nordic Aid projects, because even though both NORAD and BITS later withdrew themselves from the project, the aid that they provided turned out to be the key that paved the way for further development on the Biobío River.